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78M with exertional dyspnea and syncope. Echo shows AVA 0.7 cm2, mean gradient 28 mmHg (low-gradient pattern), EF 60%. CT calcium score of aortic valve is 3200 AU. STS score is 4.5%. Cardiology team is split between TAVR and SAVR. Is this paradoxical low-flow low-gradient severe AS? Does he need dobutamine stress echo? What factors help determine TAVR vs SAVR in intermediate surgical risk?

Looking for the best mnemonics for valvular heart disease patterns. Specifically for murmurs, timing, and associated signs in MS, MR, AS, AR.

35F, post-emotional stress, anterior ST elevation V1-V4, troponin 3.2, echo shows apical ballooning. Cardiology pushing for immediate cath. What do current ACC/AHA criteria say?