A 58-year-old male smoker presents with 3 episodes of hemoptysis, each ~30 mL, over the past week. He has a 40 pack-year history and prior TB treated 15 years ago. Vitals stable. CXR shows a left upper lobe opacity. What is the stepwise approach to workup? When should we proceed with emergency bronchoscopy vs CT angiography vs bronchial artery embolization?
Be specific. Cite references where possible. Your credentials will be shown with your answer.